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[5] After this, Elisabeth was given Marie Anglique de Mackau as her tutor, who reportedly had "the firmness which bends resistance, and the affectionate kindness which inspires attachment", and under whose tuition Elisabeth made progress in her education, as well as developing a softer personality, with her strong will directed toward religious principles. Now show them how one dies when one's conscience is at peace," and to Madame de Montmorin, who was in despair of being executed together with her son: "You love your son, and you do not wish him to accompany you? As the granddaughter of the king, she was a Petite-fille de France. [11], lisabeth was not regarded as dangerous by Robespierre, and the original intention had been to banish her from France. Her relationship to queen Marie Antoinette was complicated, as they were quite dissimilar. She refused a public defender, but seemed to have named Claude Franois Chauveau-Laofarde as her defensor, as he was called by someone claiming to be sent by her. "[5], During the Demonstration of 20 June 1792 at the Tuileries Palace, lisabeth made a great impression by her courage, in particular when she was famously temporarily mistaken for the queen. This place will be your Trianon. Their mother Marie Josphe died in March 1767 from tuberculosis. Relating to the accusation that she had encouraged the Swiss Guard and the royalist defender against the attackers during the 10 August, she was asked: "[5] They tore an eight-page letter, but taking too long, Pauline swallowed the pages for her. The first suggested partner was Jose, Prince of Brazil. [8], Finally, a marriage was suggested between her and her brother-in-law Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had a good impression of her from his visit to France the previous year, and commented that he was attracted by the "vivacity of her intellect and her amiable character. In the order of 1 August 1793, which stated for the removal and trial of Marie Antoinette, it was in fact stated that lisabeth should not be tried, but exiled: "All the members of the Capet family shall be exiled from the territory of the Republic, with the exception of Louis Capet's children, and the members of the family who are under the jurisdiction of the Law. [8] lisabeth herself was content not to marry, as it would have been to a foreign prince, which would force her to leave France: "I can only marry a King's son, and a King's son must reign over his father's kingdom. 
When asked whether she did not refer to her nephew as king, ignoring the fact that France was a republic, her reply: "I talked familiarly with the poor child, who was dear to me on more than one account; I therefore gave him the consolation which appeared to me capable of comforting him for the loss of those to whom he owed his being." 
lisabeth, who had turned thirty a week before her death, was executed essentially because she was a sister of the king;[22] however, the general consensus of the French revolutionaries was that she was a supporter of the ultra-right royalist faction. He dared not claim that innocent woman from the ferocious impatience of Hbert without insulting the victim he desired to save. "[5] The King did not allow her to spend her nights at Montreuil until she was twenty-four, but she normally spent her entire days there from morning Mass until she returned to Versailles to sleep. upon which she replied: "I am not aware that my brother sent assassins against any persons, whoever they may be. In 1781, the King gave her Montreuil not far from Versailles as a private retreat, and the queen presented it to her with the words: "My sister, you are now at home. Before leaving the Feuillants, Elisabeth said to Pauline de Tourzel: "Dear Pauline, we know your discretion and your attachment for us. I should no longer be a Frenchwoman. "[5], Several attempts were made to arrange a marriage for her. Sister of King Louis XVI and Servant of God, Only includes Princesses of the House of Bourbon before the, Woodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013). During the night, there were reportedly some women outside on the street who cried for the heads of the king, queen and Elisabeth, upon which the king took offence and asked "What have they done to them?" "[5], After her trial, lisabeth joined the prisoners condemned with her in the Hall of the Condemned, awaiting their execution. While Elisabeth was described as "proud, inflexible, and passionate", Clothilde was in contrast estimated to be "endowed with the most happy disposition, which only needed guiding and developing". 
On 9 May 1794, lisabeth, referred to only as "sister of Louis Capet", was transferred to the Conciergerie by a delegation of commissaries headed by Monet acting upon the orders of Fouquier-Tinville. During the journey, Elizabeth spoke to Barnave for several hours in an attempt to justify the attempted escape of the king and describe his views of the revolution, which was in part described in the memoirs of Tourzel: Petion for his part famously described lisabeth as attracted by him during the journey: lisabeth herself later alluded to this in a letter by commenting that she remembered "certain strange remarks of his during the journey from Varennes. [5] lisabeth focused on her niece, comforting her with religious statements of martyrdom, and also unsuccessfully protested against the treatment of her nephew. If she is not considered a martyr, Snok points out that a miracle that occurred after lisabeth's death and obtained through her intercession remains necessary.[21]. Upon the return to Paris, Elisabeth and Tourzel were escorted from the carriage to the palace by Barnave and La Tour-Maubourg respectively and last, after the king, the queen and the royal children; while the crowd had greeted the king with silence, the queen with dislike, and the children with cheers, there was no particular public reaction to Elisabeth and Tourzel.[5]. : Madame lisabeth, belle me libre", "French bishops approve opening of Cause for King Louis XVI's sister", "Que faut-il encore pour qu'Elisabeth de France soit dclare bienheureuse? Her attentions to the King and Queen and their children always redoubled in proportion to their misfortunes." The respect Elisabeth had enjoyed among the public caused concern with Robespierre, who had never wished to have her executed and who "dreaded the effect" of her death. There is much evidence to suggest that she actively supported the intrigues of the comte d'Artois to bring foreign armies into France to crush the Revolution. lisabeth remained beside her brother and his family during the French Revolution and was executed at Place de la Rvolution in Paris during the Reign of Terror. You showed your countrymen how to do good. A medallion represents her at the Basilica of Saint Denis. The former queen was taken to the Conciergerie on 2 August 1793. The cause of beatification of lisabeth was introduced in 1924, but has not yet been completed. M. de la Rochefoucauld described them: When Elisabeth saw the crowd she reportedly said: "All those people are misled. "[5] Her youngest brother, the count of Artois, was dissimilar to her and was sometimes given an "affectionate lecture" by her for his scandals, though he came to admire her.[5]. "[5], lisabeth and Marie-Thrse were kept in ignorance of Marie Antoinette's death. "[5] She also attempted to criticize the queen's behavior in this regard, but never did so openly, instead asking her aunt Madame Adlade to do it for her. She was the youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France, and Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony, and she was a sister of King Louis XVI. [5], In 1770, her eldest brother, the Dauphin, married Marie Antoinette of Austria. "[5], She reportedly successfully comforted and strengthened the morale of her fellow prisoners before their impending execution with religious arguments, and by her own example of calmness: "She spoke to them with inexpressible gentleness and calm, dominating their mental suffering by the serenity of her look, the tranquility of her appearance, and the influence of her words. Several biographies have been published of her in French, while extensive treatment of her life is given in Antonia Fraser's biography of Marie Antoinette and Deborah Cadbury's investigative biography of Louis XVII. On 10 May 1774, her grandfather Louis XV died, and her elder brother Louis Auguste ascended the throne as Louis XVI. [she] considered me and cared for me as her daughter, and I, I honoured her as a second mother". She chose to stay with her brother and sister-in-law, according to Tourzel, as "their consolation during their captivity. "[5] A staunch believer in absolute monarchy, lisabeth had great respect for the position of her eldest brother the king, and regarded it her duty to stand by him. It was that wretch Collot d'Herbois who snatched her from me."[5]. Have we not to-day given her a court of aristocrats worthy of her? "[5] lisabeth, however, was close to her aunts, the Mesdames de France, who were members of the anti-Austrian party at court, noted for their animosity toward the queen and deeply opposed to her informal reforms in court life,[9] Her defender Chauveau-Laofarde later recollected his speech in her defense: Dumas replied to her defender's "audacity to speak of what he called the pretended virtues of the Accused and to have thus corrupted public morality", and then held his speech to the Jury: The Jury declared Elisabeth and all of her 24 co-accused guilty as charged, after which the Tribunal, "according to the fourth Article of the second part of the Penal Code",[5] condemned them to death and to be guillotined the following day. 
You are going to enjoy the joys of heaven, and you wish him to remain on this earth, where there is now only torments and sorrow! There can be no question that she saw the Revolution as the incarnation of evil on earth[citation needed] and viewed civil war as the only means to drive it from the land. Pasquin, at the age of 36 years, was also sentenced to death for his own alleged part in the conspiracy of 10 August 1792, and executed on 6 February. I have a letter of the greatest importance which I wish to get rid of before leaving here. When she heard this, Elisabeth asked Roederer: "Monsieur Roederer, you will answer for the lives of the King and Queen?" Her body was buried in a common grave at the Errancis Cemetery in Paris. 
Think of his age and of how easy it is to make a child say what one wants and what he does not even understand. [5], At the foot of the guillotine, there was a bench for the condemned who were to depart the cart and wait on the bench before their execution. [17], In 2016, Cardinal Andr Vingt-Trois, Archbishop of Paris, reactivated the cause of Princess lisabeth beatification. The line I should follow is traced so clearly by Providence that I must remain faithful to it. lisabeth embraced Marie-Therese and assured her that she would return. lisabeth herself described the Demonstration in a letter as follows: After the Demonstration of 20 June, lisabeth as well as the king reportedly despaired for the future "as an abyss from which they could only escape by a miracle of Providence,"[5] but she continued to act as the king's political adviser, and Mme de Lage de Volude described her state at this point: "She spends her days in prayer and in devouring the best books on our situation. Queen Marie Antoinette commented: On 17 May 1778, after the visit of the court to Marly, Madame lisabeth formally left the children's chamber and became an adult when she, upon the wish of the king her brother, was turned over to the king by her governess and given her own household, with Diane de Polignac as maid of honour and the Bonne Marie Flicit de Srent as lady-in-waiting. 
While she was being strapped to the board, her fichu (a sort of shawl) fell off, exposing her shoulders, and she cried to the executioner Au nom de votre mre, monsieur, couvrez-moi. Madame de Marsan, who was unable to handle lisabeth, preferred Clothilde, which made Elisabeth jealous and created a rift between the sisters. When the mob demanded that the king return with them to Paris, and Lafayette advised him to consent, lisabeth unsuccessfully advised the king differently: lisabeth accompanied the royal family to Paris, where she chose to live with them in the Tuileries Palace rather than with her aunts mesdames On 5 October 1789, lisabeth saw the Women's March on Versailles from Montreuil, and immediately returned to the Palace of Versailles. The new constitution prompted her exiled brothers to prepare a French exile regency, and Elisabeth informed her brother the count of Artois of the political changes in code. "[5], The royal court was warned that there would be an attack on the palace, and royalist noblemen gathered there to defend the royal family on 9 August, sleeping everywhere they could find a place. Soon after leaving Epernay on their return, the party was joined by three emissaries of the Assembly: Barnave, Ption, and La Tour-Maubourg, and the two first joined them inside the carriage. She was warned: "You do not understand, they take you for the Austrian", upon which she famously replied: "Ah, would to God it were so, do not enlighten them, save them from a greater crime. lisabeth's remains, with that of other victims of the guillotine (including Robespierre, also buried at the Errancis Cemetery) were later placed in the Catacombs of Paris. The king, who was somewhat worried that she would become a nun, once said "I ask nothing better than that you should go to see your aunt, on condition that you do not follow her example: Elizabeth, I need you. lisabeth was tried with 24 accused accomplices (ten of whom were women), though she was placed "at the top of the seats" during the trial and thus more visible than the rest. [5] "[5] Robespierre replied: "Well, you understand, it is always me. She was reportedly dressed in white and she attracted a great deal of attention, but was described as serene and calming on the rest. [5], She often visited her aunt, Louise of France, at the Carmelite convent of St. Denis. Elizabeth. I do not wish to cease to be one. When her sister-in-law was removed, both Elisabeth and her niece unsuccessfully requested to follow her; initially, however, they kept in contact with Marie Antoinette through the servant He, who was acquainted with Mme Richard in the Conciergerie. [5] lisabeth reportedly spent the night awake in prayer. Her former tutor Lemonnier was her neighbor at Montreuil, and she named him her almoner to distribute her charity in the village: "There grew up a constant interchange of interests between them. [5], Marie Antoinette was executed on 16 October. ", Duchess of Angoulme's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple, lonore de Bourbon-Cond, Princess of Orange, Louise de Bourbon-Soissons, Duchesse of Longueville, Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier, Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Anne Genevive de Bourbon-Cond, Duchess of Longueville, lisabeth Charlotte d'Orlans, Duchess of Lorraine, Marie Louise lisabeth d'Orlans, Duchess of Berry, Charlotte Agla d'Orlans, Duchess of Modena, Louise lisabeth d'Orlans, Queen of Spain, Marie Thrse de Bourbon-Cond, Princess of Conti, Anne Marie Victoire de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Cond, Anne Louise Bndicte de Bourbon-Cond, Duchess of Maine, Marie Anne de Bourbon-Cond, Duchess of Vendme, Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Bourbon, Louise Adlade de Bourbon-Conti, mademoiselle de la Roche-sur-Yon, Marie Anne lonore de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Cond, Louise lisabeth de Bourbon-Cond, Princess of Conti, Louise Anne de Bourbon-Cond, mademoiselle de Charolais, Marie Anne de Bourbon-Cond, mademoiselle de Clermont, Henriette Louise de Bourbon-Cond, mademoiselle de Vermandois, lisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon-Cond, mademoiselle de Sens, Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Orlans, Louise Adlade de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Cond, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=lisabeth_of_France&oldid=1090795387, French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009, Articles lacking page references from May 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 12:01. The day after their arrival, Madame de Tourzel stated that the royal family was woken by large crowds outside, and that every member of the family, "even the Princesses", was obliged to show themselves to the public wearing the national cockade. In 1953, Pope Pius XII recognized by decree the heroic nature of her virtues simply because of her martyrdom. She was not disturbed when the mob stormed the palace to assassinate the queen, but awoke and called to the king, who was worried about her. I know how much this child must have hurt you. This was interpreted as a sign that she "nourished the little Capet with the projects of vengeance which you and yours have not ceased to form against Liberty, and that you flattered yourself with the hope of raising again a broken throne by inundating it with the blood of patriots."[5]. [4] This left lisabeth an orphan at just two years old, along with her older siblings: Louis Auguste, Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence, Charles Philippe, Count of Artois and Marie Clotilde of France. When the demonstrators forced the king to put on the revolutionary red cap, lisabeth was mistaken for the queen. The princess was declared a Servant of God and the cause for beatification was officially introduced on 23 December 1953 by Cardinal Maurice Feltin. and the latter view was shared by lisabeth who, as a monarchist, regarded the queen's disregard of etiquette as a threat to the monarchy, and once remarked in connection to it: "if sovereigns descended often to the people, the people would approach near enough to see that the Queen was only a pretty woman, and that they would soon conclude that the King was merely the first among officials. I desire their conversion, but not their punishment. She advised the king to carry out "a vigorous and speedy repression of the riot"[5] rather than to negotiate, and that the royal family should relocate to some town further from Paris, so as to be free from any influence of factions. [5] She became devoted to the children of the king and queen, in particular the first dauphin and Marie Thrse of France. In monarchist circles, her exemplary private life elicited much admiration. On a personal level, she was deeply devoted to her second brother, the count of Provence: "My brother the Comte de Provence, is at the same time the best adviser and the most charming conteur. The sisters were considered very dissimilar in personality. He is seldom mistaken in his judgment of men and things, and his prodigious memory furnishes him in all circumstances with a never ending flow of interesting anecdote. On 21 September, they were deprived of their privilege to have servants, which resulted in the removal of Tison and Turgy and thereby also of their ability to communicate with the outside world through secret letters. [5] This attracted attention, and one spectator commented: "They may make her salaams if they like, but she will share the fate of the Austrian. Denis". She is regarded by the Catholic Church as a martyr and was declared a Servant of God by Pope Pius XII.[3]. There will be nothing to prevent her fancying herself still in the salons of Versailles when she sees herself, surrounded by this faithful nobility, at the foot of the holy guillotine. [5] The court life at the Tuileries was described as subdued. During the following day, awaiting the attack, the queen, accompanied by the royal children, Elisabeth and the princesse de Lamballe, went about the palace to encourage the defenders, and then followed the king when he inspected the guards in the interior of the palace they did however not accompany him when he visited the guards posted outside of the palace.[5]. Trial and execution (French): de Beauchesne, Alcide-Hyacinthe, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Bienvenue sur le site de la paroisse Sainte-lisabeth-de-Hongrie", The Life and Letters of Madame Elisabeth de France, Sister of Louis XVI, "Serva di Dio Elisabetta di Borbone (Madame Elisabeth de France) su santiebeati.it", "Bientt batifie? You might wound some one, and I am sure you would be sorry. [20], Snok has suggested an alternate path for the beatification of lisabeth based on the motu proprio Maiorem hac dilectionem promulgated by Pope Francis on the 11 July 2017. She tells everyone that there is no one more amiable, that she did not know her well before, but that now she has made her her friend and that it will be for life. Her paternal grandparents were King Louis XV of France and Queen Maria Leszczyska. Madame de Marsan would often take her to visit the students at St. Cyr, where select young ladies were presented to be introduced to the princess. Forgive him, my dear sister. The interest which you will deign to feel for their fate will sweeten its bitterness," upon which she replied: "Gentlemen, I have keenly felt the misfortunes which have visited the Colony. She asked for Marie Antoinette, upon which one of the female prisoners said to her, "Madame, your sister has suffered the same fate that we ourselves are about to undergo.
